Molecules that participate in hydrogen bonding.
Proteins that assist in folding and protecting other proteins.
Proteins containing a heme group, essential for oxygen transport and enzymes.
The process of stopping bleeding through blood clot formation.
Liver cells responsible for metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis.
Processes that protect liver cells from damage or disease.
The strong interaction between a receptor and its ligand.
A method for rapidly testing large libraries of compounds.
An amino acid involved in enzyme function and pH regulation.
Chemical modifications to histone proteins that regulate gene expression.
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
Modified versions of hormones designed to mimic natural effects.
Peptides that combine sequences from multiple sources.
A layer of water molecules surrounding biomolecules.
A weak bond between hydrogen and an electronegative atom.
A technique for studying protein dynamics using hydrogen isotope exchange.
A chemical reaction that breaks molecules down using water.
Molecules that are water-attracting and dissolve easily in water.
Molecules that repel water and dissolve in fats and oils.
An amino acid important for collagen stability in connective tissues.
An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
A brain region that regulates hormones, temperature, and metabolism.
A protein that responds to low oxygen levels and regulates gene expression.
A protein that regulates cell growth, muscle development, and metabolism.
The ability of a substance to trigger an immune response.
Proteins that function as antibodies in the immune system.
The process of regulating immune system activity.
Hormones that enhance insulin secretion in response to food intake.
A biological response to injury or infection marked by redness and swelling.
Peptides that reduce or block biological activity in cells.
A group of cytokines involved in immune responses.
The transmission of signals within a cell to regulate function.
Proteins that regulate the flow of ions across cell membranes.
A mass spectrometry technique for analyzing molecular structure.
Attractions between charged molecules that affect protein structure.
The pH at which a molecule has no net charge.
Variations of proteins with different functions or stability.
A structural change in molecules without altering their composition.
A tripeptide with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
Receptors that regulate cellular processes through phosphorylation.
The ability of a molecule to maintain its structure over time.
A protein involved in aging and cellular repair.
A metabolic pathway for energy production in cells.
An organic acid produced during anaerobic metabolism.
A hormone that regulates appetite and energy balance.
The interaction between a molecule (ligand) and its target receptor.
The breakdown and storage of fats for energy use.
Peptides with lipid components that enhance membrane interaction.
Peptides that dissolve in fats and oils rather than water.
Vesicles used to deliver drugs or peptides efficiently.
The transport of molecules via the lymphatic system.
Providing research-based education on peptide science, reconstitution, and application principles.
