A protein that provides elasticity and flexibility to skin and connective tissues.
A technique for separating molecules based on their charge.
Interactions between charged molecules that influence peptide folding and function.
The uptake of substances into a cell via membrane invagination.
Peptides naturally produced within the body, as opposed to synthetic peptides.
A cell structure responsible for protein synthesis and folding.
A naturally occurring opioid peptide that regulates pain and stress responses.
Molecules that bind to enzymes and reduce their activity.
The study of reaction rates and enzyme function.
A growth factor that stimulates cell growth and differentiation.
A process that results in a change in a molecule’s stereochemistry.
A synthetic peptide associated with anti-aging and telomerase activation.
Regions of proteins that are recognized by antibodies in immune responses.
Amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must obtain from the diet.
A type of chemical bond found in lipids and some peptide modifications.
The process by which cells release substances into the extracellular environment.
An enzyme that removes nucleotides from the ends of DNA strands.
Peptides found within exosomes, small vesicles secreted by cells.
A measure of how much light a substance absorbs at a specific wavelength.
A family of growth factors that regulate cell proliferation and tissue repair.
Protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
A protein involved in blood clotting and wound healing.
A cell type that produces collagen and extracellular matrix components.
The formation of excessive connective tissue, often resulting in organ scarring.
A technique that uses fluorescent markers to visualize molecules in research.
Peptides that emit fluorescence upon cleavage by enzymes.
The stability of a protein's folded structure under physiological conditions.
Intermediate states in protein folding pathways.
A method for measuring molecular interactions via fluorescence.
Small peptide segments derived from a larger protein or molecule.
A model describing energy states of protein conformations.
Highly reactive molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging.
Specific parts of a protein that contribute to its function or binding properties.
Short peptides that promote membrane fusion in biological processes.
A signal transduction pathway mediated by G-proteins.
A family of membrane receptors involved in transmitting cellular signals.
Compounds that enhance the secretion of growth hormone.
A hormone that stimulates acid secretion in the stomach for digestion.
A chromatography technique used to separate proteins based on size.
The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize proteins.
A hormone that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown.
A metabolic process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Peptides involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels and metabolism.
A neurotransmitter and amino acid that plays a role in brain function.
An amino acid crucial for protein synthesis and immune function.
A process where sugars bond to proteins, contributing to aging and disease.
Peptides with attached sugar groups.
Proteins with carbohydrate chains attached, playing roles in cell signaling.
A biochemical process that attaches carbohydrates to proteins or lipids.
Proteins that stimulate cell growth, division, and tissue repair.
A peptide hormone that regulates metabolism, muscle growth, and aging.
Providing research-based education on peptide science, reconstitution, and application principles.
