The process by which a substance is taken up by cells or tissues.
Peptides containing negatively charged amino acids, influencing solubility and stability.
The specific region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a reaction.
A molecule that provides energy to drive cellular processes.
The strength of the interaction between a ligand and a receptor.
A molecule that binds to a receptor and activates a biological response.
A nonpolar amino acid involved in protein structure and metabolism.
A common secondary structure in proteins, characterized by a coiled shape.
A chemical bond formed between a carboxyl group and an amine group, linking amino acids.
A functional group containing nitrogen that is found in amino acids and proteins.
The specific order of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
Peptides containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
A peptide hormone involved in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation.
A process that promotes the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, often related to muscle growth.
A modified molecule that mimics the structure and function of another compound.
The formation of new blood vessels, essential for healing and tissue growth.
A method for separating negatively charged molecules.
A molecule that blocks the activity of a receptor.
A field focused on slowing or reversing the aging process.
A protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances.
Peptides that exhibit antimicrobial properties, defending against bacteria and fungi.
The ability of microbes to resist antimicrobial agents.
A form of programmed cell death crucial for maintaining cellular balance.
Molecular pathways that lead to programmed cell death.
A semi-essential amino acid involved in nitric oxide production and immune function.
Amino acids containing aromatic rings that contribute to protein function and structure.
The immune system's mistaken attack on the body's own tissues.
Peptides that enhance the function of other peptides or proteins.
The structural framework of a protein or peptide chain.
A substance that kills bacteria or inhibits their growth.
A common secondary structure in proteins consisting of beta strands linked by hydrogen bonds.
A type of protein secondary structure involving a sharp turn.
A term referring to a substance that has a physiological effect on the body.
The proportion of a substance that enters the bloodstream and is available for use by the body.
The process of chemically linking molecules for enhanced stability or function.
A material that can be broken down by natural biological processes.
The application of computational methods in biological research.
The time it takes for half of a substance to be eliminated.
Molecules that indicate disease presence or biological states.
The process of producing biological molecules within a cell.
A biochemical process of attaching biotin to proteins for detection or purification.
A selective barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the brain.
A large dose of medication or substance given at once.
Essential amino acids that help build muscle and regulate protein metabolism.
A critical point in a reaction or metabolic pathway where a change occurs.
A metabolic route that avoids first-pass metabolism by the liver.
A hormone involved in the regulation of stress responses and inflammation.
A peptide hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.
A dietary practice that reduces calorie intake to promote longevity and metabolic health.
The ability of substances to pass through capillary walls into surrounding tissues.
Organic molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that provide energy.
Providing research-based education on peptide science, reconstitution, and application principles.
